Laryngitis (Acute & Chronic) Acute : Larynx is an organ of voice and an inflammation thereof is called ‘Laryngitis’. When voice is used forcibly, used at high pitch, at a stretch, when infection of any type sets in, there may be pain on swallowing, using voice, speaking or putting any sort of extra strain on the organ will result in laryngitis which is also known as ‘spasmodic laryngitis or spasmodic croup’.
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HOARSE VOICE AND APHONIA
Those who forcibly use their voice quite repeatedly, sing/ talk more loudly than their voice can actually endure are the Victims. Aphonia means loss of voice (even if partial) due to interference with tension and due to approximation of the vocal cord. Usual causes are syphilis, laryngitis, T.B, new growths within the throat, repeated infections etc. Cause aphonia or where forcible use of voice or exposure are the main causes of hoarse voice, in addition to cold and catarrh.
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ASPHAXIA
The term simply means ‘SUFFOCATION’ which is a life -threatening condition when oxygen is prevented from reaching the tissues due to obstruction or damage to any part/organ of respiratory system.
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This is a very serious disease and often terminates in death; hence should never be treated by a layman or by domestic medications. Here, either whole of lung substance is affected or a part thereof is affected. The affection is caused by bacteria, in which case Alveoli (or the air-sacs) fdl up with pus so that the air excluded by the lungs becomes solid (called consolidation). Following salient features may be noted –
It is an infection caused by a minute germ Bacillus Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (shortly called T.B) which was identified, in 1882, by Koch and characterised by formation of tubercles (or nodular lesions, the latter symptom popularly known as Consumption and Pthisis (wasting).
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It is a highly infectious caused by the Bacterium ‘Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae’ which generally affects the throat at the initial stage but may also infect other mucus membranes and the skin. It is spread by direct contact with an infected patient, carrier or contaminated food. Sometimes, it spreads so fast that it assumes an epidemic form.
Reference may be first made to various parts of human body involved in the process of urination and also the relevant functions performed by each of the organs as a preliminary knowledge will certainly help in understanding various diseases attributed to each organ.
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Inability to pass urine, which is retained in the bladder is called ‘Retention’ which condition is totally different from ‘Anuria’ (when kidneys fail to produce urine). In ‘retention’ the urinary bladder fails to excrete urine but in ‘anuria’ there is no presence of urine in the bladder nor any passage of urine but the cause, leading to either of maladies, are totally different. The conditions are quite common in the following category of persons or situa-tions, viz.
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The term is generally used for bed-wetting also and should not be confounded with polyuria (Production of large volumes of urine which is quite dilute and of (light) pale colour). Enuresis is a. condition that is common to bed-wetting of children at night and may extend upto teenage but may occur (though rarely) in old and aged persons who, like children, also lose control of bladder activity. The condition may occur to ladies who have borne many children and have also crossed 50th year of age. All said and done, all cases of ‘bed-wetting’ should not be taken as of enuresis be-cause, in many cases, urine may spurt out due to laugh, fright, sneezing coughing also.
“The presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste (products) compounds in the blood points to uremic condition. These waste products are normally excreted by the kidneys in urine – their accumulation in the blood occurs in kidney failure and results in nausea, vomiting, lethargy, drowsiness and eventually (if untreated) death. Treatment may require hemodialysis on a kidney machine.” (Harrison)