Category: Child Care

Headaches afflict almost at some time or the other. Most headaches are functional, caused by temporary upsets and are not related to any organic changes in the brain. A headache is often nature’s warning that something is wrong somewhere in the body. The actual pain, however, arises from irritation to nerve endings in the shoulder, neck and scalp muscles and also in the smooth muscles encircling the blood vessels which serve these areas.

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Diabetes mellitus is a disease of carbohydrate metabolism caused by lack of insulin, characterised by an abnormaly elevated level of blood glucose and the excertion of the excess glucose in the urine. It results from an absolute or relative lack of insulin which leads to abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism as well as in the metabolism of protein and fat.

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Jaundice is the most common of all liver disorders. It refers to the accumulation and retention of bilirubin in the skin and other tissues and it results from an obstruction in the bile duct, or the loss of function of the bile -producing liver cells. The disease frequently affects children, even during their tender age.

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Cirrohosis of the liver refers to all forms of liver disease characterised by a significant loss of cells. It is one of the most serious hepatic diseases. The liver gradually contracts in size and becomes hard and lethargy.

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Conjunctivitis refers to an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane covering the eye ball. It is also known as sore eyes. It spreads from person to person through direct contact. Overcrowding, dirty surroundings and unhealthy living conditions can cause epidemic of this ailment.

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The term stye refers to a small painful boil, an inflammed hair follicle or an infection of a seabeceous gland in the edge of the eyelid. The infecting organism is usually a staphylococcus. This disease occurs due to debilitated condition of the system. Some children seem more prone to these infections than others.

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The word ricket is derived from the Anglo-Saxon ‘wrikken’ which means ‘to twist’. It is a deficiency disease of infancy and early childhood in which the bones are softened and deformed. The disease most likely makes its first appearance at the time of teething. It is known as disesase of poverty and darkness and is more prevalent in children of poor class.

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Scurvy is perhaps the oldest known deficiency disease. However, its specific relationship to ascorbic acid was not recognised until the 20th century. It generally occurs between six and 18 months of age, but can start much earlier in pre-mature babies or those borne of mothers who lacked nutritious food during their later stages of pregnancies.

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Teething usually commences in an infants, from the sixth month. The temporary or milk teeth appear first. Before the baby is born, the teeth buds, placed under the gum, are soft and under developed. After the baby’s birth, the teeth begin to grow up by absorbing the covering material and gum, thus converting them into bone. The teeth make their appearance with the removal of the covering capsule.

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Enuresis or bed-wetting refers to involuntary passage of urine while asleep. It is a common problem in infants and young children. It is regarded as a period of adjustment. By the time a child reaches the age of two years, he can usually learn to control the passage of urine during the day. However, it may be another year or so before he can achieve control all through the night.

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