Bronchitis means an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchi and bronchial tube. It is a breathing disorder affecting the expiratory function. In most cases , some infection also occurs in the nose and throat.
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Tuberculosis is one of the most serious infectious diseases. It is a major health problem in India and often rated as the number one killer among the infectious diseases. The disease in children is known as primary tuberculosis and that in adults as postprimary.
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Asthma is the most troublesome of the respiratory disease. It is characerised by variable obstruction of the airpassage, resulting in wheezing. But by no means every ‘wheeze’ in childhood is asthma. Wheezy bronchitis, for instance, can be easily mistaken for asthma. Many children are prone to ‘wheezy’ bronchitis in the early years, but outgrow this as they mature.
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Croup is an inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi. It affects many infants and young children. In adults, the disease is called lalryngitis. As the larynx is situated in the narrowest part of the throat, it obstructs the breathing and the disease may prove very serious.
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Mumps or Parotitis is an acute communicable disease of viral origin. It is characterised by painful enlargement of the salivary glands and occassional involvement of the gonads, meninges, pancreas and other organs. This disease occurs more frequently in children between the ages of five and 15 years. It spreads from one child to another in schools. Babies are immune to this disease.
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Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, a serous membrane which envelopes the lungs and also lines the inside of the chest. It may be acute or chronic, and milk or severe. The disease may be limited to one side of the chest or it may include both the sides.
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Whooping cough or Pertussis, as it is called in medical parlance, is a contagious disease. It is a very distressing condition which may cause serious trouble in the lungs. The disease appears to be epidemic, with seasonal outbreaks , especially during the winter months. The incubation period is between one and two weeks after exposure.
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Influenza, also known as flu, is the clinical condition that results from infection by influenza viruses. The main effects of the influenza viruses are on the upper respiratory tract, the nose and throat, with possible spread and involvement of the lungs.
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Malaria is a serious infectious disease. It is one of the intermittent fevers which have a tendency to return again and again to haunt the sufferer. The word malaria comes from the Italian ‘mala + aria’, meaning bad air produced from damp earth and decaying vegetation.
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Typhoid fever is an acute systemic disease caused by salmonella typhi. It is a condition in whch there is a typical course of temperature, with marked abdominal symptoms consisting of ulceration of the bowels. The fever is of uncertain duration and liable to frequent relapses.
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