First-Aid: Understanding Emergency of Childbirth

In the cities, most babies are born in hospitals or other institutions where professional help from trained nurses and doctors is available. Even in villages, deliveries are conducted in primary health centers by professionals. However sometimes the women cannot get to a hospital and childbirth may take place at home, or on her way to the hospital in a bus, train, taxi, ambulance, or even unplanned on a plane or ship. The first-aider should be able to conduct this delivery properly so that at the end of it there is a healthy mother and a healthy baby. A first-aider may have to give help when a miscarriage occurs.

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First-Aid: First-Aid for Convulsion, Febrile Convulsions In Young Children, Hysteria, Stroke and Hypoglycemia

□ CONVULSION

It is a condition characterized by repetitive contraction and relaxation of a group of muscles in the body and is caused by disturbance in the function of the brain. Convulsions are usually followed by loss of consciousness. Various causes of convulsions are as follows.

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First-Aid: Ensuring Safe and Quick Transportation

1. The objective of transportation is to enable the victim to reach the destination without deterioration of his condition.

2. Do not move a severely injured or ill person unless there is immediate danger to his life or skilled help is not available. That is because moving a casualty may result in aggravation of his or her injury or condition.

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First-Aid: First Aid for Bee Bite, Wasp Bite, Ticks and Mites Bites

□ BEE AND WASP BITES

Bee and wasps are the most harmful amongst all insects. Their stings have poison in small quantity. Some people could be very sensitive to this poison and develop severe reaction to it. The condition is diagnosed by the following features.

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First-Aid: Dangerous Effects of Temperature

Our body has some in-built mechanisms to help it adapt to changes in the environmental temperature. However when the changes are extreme and last for long durations, the protective mechanisms may fail, and the person may suffer from illness. The following factors increase risk of adverse effects of extremes of temperature change on the human body.

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First-Aid: Ambulance Service

If there are multiple casualties, as in a disaster, first aid has to be administered to a large number of victims. In such cases, the ambulance service has to be very good for rapid and efficient transfer to a hospital. The process of triage is used to sort patients according to priority for care and transport. Accordingly the patients are placed in three categories as shown in the following table. Every ambulance and rescue unit should carry tags that can be used during triage phase of disaster operation.

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First-Aid: First-Aid for Snake Bite

There are about 3000 species of snakes, of which only 250-300 are poisonous. Snakes commonly found in our country are king cobra, common cobra, common krait, common striped krait, pit viper and Russell’s viper. Most of the snakes are harmless. Remember, all snake bites are not fatal. Generally people die from fear and not the venom. Most snakes bite only if provoked. Even the bite of a poisonous snake is not always dangerous, because when the snake bites in defense, little or no venom is injected.

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First-Aid: First Aid for Scorpion Bite, Spider Bite and Leech Bite

□ SCORPION BITE

Generally scorpions can be seen in the moist dark places and in rainy season in villages, farms, and jungles. They are not seriously poisonous. But sometimes person hypersensitive to its poison can develop serious reaction and may even become unconscious. The condition is diagnosed by the following features.

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