Meningitis is a severe inflammation of the meninges or inner lining of the brain andspinal cord. This may result from invasion of bacteria or virus into meninges. The infection usually spreads from the base of the brain up over the surface and down the spinal cord . It appears to reach the inside from the throat and nose via the bloodstream. It is perhaps the most serious of all the acute diseases of childhood.
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The boils, known as Furuncle in medical parlance, are tender swellings in the skin surrounded by large red areas. They are infections of the sweat glands or hair follicles of the skin. They are common in children, and appear especially during summer season.
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The word ring worm used for this disease does not correctly describe it. For, the disease is not caused by any worm but by a fungus which is a very minute form of vegetable plant life that grows on the skin.
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Impetigo is an extremely contagious skin infection. This is essentially a disease of childhood, though it may also occur frequently in adults. It is usually prevalent in infants and younger children following a cold. The infection can spread rapidly from one child to another by close contact, especially during the early years in schools. The disease is more common in the areas with unhygenic conditions.
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Scabies is a skin infection, popularly known as itch. It is caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei or itch-mite. It is a contagious disease and is more common among people who live in crowded places under unhygienic conditions. The incidence of scabies is highest in children under the age of 15 years.
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The term ‘eczema’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘to boil.’ It refers to an inflammation of the skin. It is essentially a constitutional disease, resulting from a toxic condition of the system due to wrong food habits.
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Lice, known as Pediculus Humanus in medical parlance, are tiny, flat, wingless insects which often find their way into the scalp as parasites. They suck the blood by biting the skin. This results in an irritation which, in chronic cases, caues thickening and pigmentation of the skin. Head lice occurs more frequently in children than in adults.
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Psoriasis is one of the most stubborn skin diseases. It is characterised by thick, red silvery scaled patches of skin. This disease may appear at any age, though it is rare in infancy and early childhood. The incidence increases throughout chldhood, after the age of five years, to reach a peak at adolescence. Girls suffering from this disease outnumber boys by two to one.
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Anemia is the most common blood disorder of childhood and is widely prevalent early in life. It denotes a shortage of rich red blood cells and colouring matter called haemoglobin. The disease is more often frequent in premature infants, in twins or in infants whose mothers had an inadequate diet during pregnancy.
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Warts refer to hard, dry growths in the skin. They are capable of spreading, but are usually harmless. They often disappear spontaneously. These small benign tumours of the skin are most common in childhood, but after infancy.
Warts come in various shapes and sizes. Common warts are raised cauliflower loke lesions which occur most frequently on the hands. They may be scattered or grouped. These warts in children usually resolve spontaneously eventually. Some warts are thread- like and others flat.
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