a.d – alternate day
a.c – before meals
ad, – as much as wanted
Amp – ampoule
b.d.s or bid – Twice a day
Cap – Capsule
B.E – Both the eyes
C.M.S – take next morning
D&C – Dialation and Curettage
day – 24 hours
garg – gargle
gtt(gattta) – A drop ( or 0.6 mr)
haust – daraught or a single dose
h.s – At bed time
I.c – In-between meals
I.m – Intercumuscular
I.V – Interanvenous
lin – liniment
Mist – Mixture
Q,d – once in a day
Q.u – each eye
p.c – after meal
q.h – every hour
q.i.d – four times a day
q.s – as much as necessary
S.c – Subcutaneously
S.O.S – whenever or as and when needed
S.S – one half
Stat – Immediately
Suppos – Suppository
Syr – Syrup
Tab – Tablet
t.i.d/t.d.s – Three times a day
tr -Tincture
t.s.f – teaspoonful (4.5/5 ml)
Urig (ont) – ointment
1 x 2 or 1 x 3 – one dose to be taken twice / thrice a day
Modern Medicine: Treatment for Constipation
Administration of Eye drops
Do not rinse the dropper or touch the nozzle or opening of a tube or bottle as it may contaminate the medicine. Let the patient lie down or lift his head upwards. Pull the lower eye lid down*ward and holding the dropper put in the liquid medicine in the lower portion of the affected eye. Never let the dropper touch the eye or touch with your own hand/fingers. Now release the lower lid and tell the patient not to open the eye for 1/2 minutes to pre*vent drainage of the solution from the eye, gyrate pressure should be applied to the inside corner of the eye (i.e. bridge of the nose). Eyes shouldn’t be closed immediately after insertion of drops nor should there be unusual blinking.
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Modern Medicine: Guidelines On Administration of Eye Drops, Eye Ointments, Ear Drops, Nasal Drops, Spray and Inhalers
Administration of Eye drops
Do not rinse the dropper or touch the nozzle or opening of a tube or bottle as it may contaminate the medicine. Let the patient lie down or lift his head upwards. Pull the lower eye lid down*ward and holding the dropper put in the liquid medicine in the lower portion of the affected eye. Never let the dropper touch the eye or touch with your own hand/fingers. Now release the lower lid and tell the patient not to open the eye for 1/2 minutes to pre*vent drainage of the solution from the eye, gyrate pressure should be applied to the inside corner of the eye (i.e. bridge of the nose). Eyes shouldn’t be closed immediately after insertion of drops nor should there be unusual blinking.
Modern Medicine: Treatment for Diarrhea
It is characterised by loose or semi solid stools, with or without abdominal pain. Real danger surfaces when too much of water and salts are lost to our body, resulting in general malaise, extreme thirst, unrest, griping pains, tenesmus, rectal pain and urgent urge to rush to the closet to. In some cases, watery stools escape in the clothes. Dehydration may cause, nausea and vomiting which are serious symptoms and might push a patient into comatose.
Modern Medicine: Stool Softeners
Cremaffin: If the above-mentioned agents fail to regulate bowels, take liquid Cremaffin to soften hard stools but it must not be taken regularly and habitually. First, continue with 2 TSP dose at bed time for 3-4 days but do not continue consecutively – giving a dose on each alternate day. Some patients pass loose motions which indicates softening of stools but, then the dosage should be reduced.
Modern Medicine: Treatment for Dysentery
It is also a form of diarrhoea but, here, the stools are accompanied by mucus or blood or both which condition points to infection in the intestines. There is much pain, tenesmus, passage of mucus and blood tinged loose or semi-solid stools. There is indigestion, bleeding, loss of weight, anaemia. The infection is brought on by food impurities, resulting in ulceration of intestines and the occasional formation of abscesses in the liver. Amoebic dysentery is controlled by drugs like emetine and tetracyclines, but treatment has to be continued for a fairly long period – depending on severity and depth of infection. Amaebic dysentery is generally confined to tropical and subtropical regions/countries.
Modern Medicine: Treatment for Nausea and Vomiting
Peeling that one is about to vomit is called ‘Nausea’ and is most common during travelling, seasickness, pregnancy (in early, stage). The substance of food, bile, phlegm/mucus, water/liquids purged out, subsequent to Nauseating feeling, is not vomiting which can also occur due to acidity, water brash, cholera, disagreeable food, odour of gases and chemicals, seeing some unpalatable event/scene or even seeing another person vomiting, nauseating filth and foul smell; high blood pressure and head¬ache (in some cases it is relieved by vomiting). Vomiting during I trimester of pregnancy is quite common and not unnatural but if it occurs on/after 7th month and the bouts are shattering and con¬vulsing, an abortion may take place.
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Modern Medicine: Treatment for Peptic Ulcer or Ulcer of Stomach
Excess of acids is the major factor that causes sour eructations, stomach upset and indigestion or heartburn and we try to mollify such symptoms by taking antacids which are considered to rectify and prevent sour eructations. Infact, hydrochloric acid is a natural constituent of stomach secretions, and helps the digestive enzymes to activate. Recurrent bouts of excessive acidity permeate in the form of peptic ulcer which is a condition of localised destruction of mucosa of stomach or inner wall of the stomach, (gastric ulcer).
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Modern Medicine: Treatment for Acidity and Heartburn
Causes : These conditions point to depraved digestive system for which so many factors are accountable. Even a small deviation late lunch or dinner, overeating, consumption of liquor, tobacco, spices, fats, too much meats and fish, high protein but low carbohydrate diet, recent or chronic constipation, sedentary habits can cause such symptoms.
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Modern Medicine: Treatment for Flatulent Colic/Gas/Wind
When too much of wind producing eatables are ingested but the food remains stuck up in intestines, it gives rise to accumulation of gas/wind in the stomach, due to which the abdomen bloates and there is a gurgling sound. In majority of cases, there is also pain, restivity, sweating, uneasiness, unfructuous desire to visit the closet to pass stools – when neither stool nor wind gets expelled. I have taken up all the factors together because there is hardly any difference in symptoms, causes and complaints. The fact of the matter is that winds gets locked up, abdomen bloates, wind/gas does not pass and if such a situation lasts longer, there may be pain (colic) in the abdomen.
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