This approach, utilising the method of music education developed by Carl Orff for German school children, has been specially adapted for mentally retarded and autistic children in the United States.
COS or Clinical Orff Schulwerk offers an effective groundwork for these children because of their pre-disposition toward rhythm, order and repetition.
The overall process involves the use of movement, rhythm, sounds, language and musical expression in a group experience. Structure is provided by simple chants, rondos, poems, nonsense words and ostinati employed, all sung within the pentatonic scale.
The rondo form is used extensively, as it allows for repetition as well as for individual creative response.
Specially-designed percussion instruments permit the participation of even the most severely disturbed or handicapped child. Through “successive approximation”, specific tasks are taught in a concrete step-by-step approach.
Learning is effected through modelling (imitation) and behaviour shaping, reinforced by behavioural techniques. With groups of autistic children, considerable attention is given to language development through the use of sign language, which is seen as enhancing speech.
Among other areas dealt with in the Orff context are body image and awareness, laterality, gross motor expression, fine motor coordination, receptive language, spatial relationships, simple categorising and simple association.
The significant value of COS is that it helps the child become invested in a meaningful group experience.